Financial wellness is a lifelong endeavor, not an end destination. And it’s never too late — or too early — to start practicing it. But deciding you want to take control of your money is the easy part. The tricky part can be figuring out how and where to get started.

Good news on that front: While everyone’s journey with financial wellness will look different, there are some key first steps to take no matter what. Together, they form your financial foundation, one of the three main components of a robust financial wellness practice.

What is a financial foundation?

Your financial foundation is the essential set of habits and practices that create the lasting financial security and stability you need to design, build, and live the life you want.

Money is power. A strong financial foundation is what lets you stop living paycheck to paycheck, free yourself from debt, and start building wealth. It’s what gives you the power to leave a bad job, a bad roommate, a bad relationship. It gives you strength in the knowledge that when you stumble, you'll have the resources to get back up. It turns money into a source of strength, not stress.

If that sounds like ~a lot~ to work toward, don’t sweat. The financial foundation can be broken down into smaller building blocks, which we sometimes call the “financial basics” — the core steps we recommend everyone follow, in roughly the same order.

8 steps to help you build financial security

1. Get to know your current spending habits

First things first: knowing where you’re at now. Log in to your bank account and credit card statements and look through your past few months of purchases. Then categorize them into three buckets: needs, fun, and “Future You” (aka saving, investing, and debt payments beyond your minimums).

Next, take a look at your recent pay stubs and add voluntary withholdings to your list. Any 401(k) contributions you’re making go in the “Future You” bucket, and insurance premiums are needs. Other withholdings are up to you — a public transit benefit might go in needs, and a gym membership might go in either needs or fun (depending on whether you see it as a “must have” or a “nice to have”).

Finally, add everything up. (Here’s a downloadable Current Spending Tracker worksheet to help.) How much are you spending on each bucket per month? No wrong answers — this exercise isn’t meant to make you feel guilty; it’s just to see where you’re starting from today.

2. Adjust as needed (where possible)

Next, compare how much you’re spending to how much you’re earning. This is a key step for two reasons:

• First, because if you’re spending more than you earn, you can start looking for ways to fix that. It might mean cutting back to just the essentials for a while, or maybe it’s only a matter of making some intentional trade-offs. Or it could mean it’s time to supplement your income, either with a side gig or a new job altogether.

• Second, because once you’re spending less than you earn, you’ll have a better idea of exactly how much wiggle room is left over at the end of the month. That’s the money you’ll put toward the rest of these building-block steps.

Btw, by now, you’ve pretty much done all the work that goes into creating a written budget. (Self-five.) Following a budget is a great way to ensure your money is doing what you want it to each month. We’ve got two favorite methods: the one-number approach and the 50/30/20 rule. (This is where your foundation overlaps the most with the second component of financial wellness — your financial plan.)

3. Take advantage of your employer’s 401(k) match

If your employer offers a 401(k) employer match but you aren’t taking full advantage of it, now’s the time to sign up and start contributing enough to get the full match. That’s free money, y’all.

Here’s why: The most commonly offered 401(k) match is 50% up to 6% (translation: If you contribute 6% of your income to your 401(k), your employer will match half of it, so 3%). It’s like getting an instant 50% return on your money — which is just too good to pass up.

4. Save up one month’s worth of take-home pay.

Financial emergencies have always been a fact of life. Cars need repairs. People (and pets) get sick. Phones and computers break. Which is why building an emergency fund is a big part of getting your financial life in a stable place.

In the past, conventional wisdom (including our own!) has been to tackle expensive high-interest debt before starting an emergency fund. The thinking was, if you had an emergency in the meantime, you could just use your credit card to cover it. But things have been changing fast and often (you know, global pandemic, Great Resignation, etc), and research has shown that having a cash buffer is more likely to help someone recover from “financial hardship” than access to credit.

That said, getting rid of high-interest debt is still really important. So we split the difference: Start with a mini-emergency fund by saving up one month’s take-home pay as soon as you can. Then …

5. Clear away high-interest (>10%) debt

Being in any kind of debt — credit cards, student loans, personal loans, etc — not great, Bob! But paying it off? Now that feels good. The key is to pay more than the minimum required payments. That saves you money, because the longer you take to pay debt off, the more interest you’ll owe.

This is particularly true of debts with an interest rate of 10% or greater, like credit cards. They’re sabotaging your best budgeting efforts, siphoning precious dollars that you could be spending on your actual goals. There are two popular debt payoff strategies, both of which involve paying more than your minimums (and, strangely, named after snow). But getting these ~spicier~ debts off the board ASAP is the move.

Freeze! Hey, you’re doing great so far. Up until this point, all the steps have come in an exact recommended order. From here on out, things are a little less black and white. The rest of these steps are listed in the order we loosely recommend; but if you’re riding high and would prefer to tackle them concurrently, that works too! It’s up to you — the resources you have, and what feels comfy.

6. Finish your emergency fund

Next up: rounding out that rainy day fund! We typically recommend aiming for three to six months’ worth of your take-home pay. How much you specifically should save depends on your situation, so now’s the time to look into that. (Psst: Ellevest members can also access our handy emergency fund calculator.)

Half a year’s salary sounds like a lot — and it is! But this is a marathon, not a sprint. Build it up gradually, at your own pace. The key is to just keep going.

7. Attack medium-interest (5–10%) debt

Once you’ve vanquished the nastiest debt, it’s time to take that same strategy and apply it to the only moderately rude debt — aka any debt with interest rates between 5% and 10%. Those aren’t hurting your bottom line quite as much, but it’s still worth knocking them out sooner rather than later.

For any balances with interest rates less than 5%, we usually recommend continuing to pay the minimums and using the extra money to invest instead. That’s because historically over the long term, you would have earned more than 5% by investing.

8. Start investing toward your goals

If you’ve reached this point, please take a second and celebrate your hard work so far. Then keep the momentum going by starting to prioritize and invest toward your long-term money goals.

First up should be getting on track for retirement, if you aren’t yet — upping your 401(k) contributions, and / or opening an IRA. (Ellevest members: Check out our 7 Days to a Real Retirement Plan email course for help getting started.) Then you can focus on things like putting a down payment on a house, taking that mega milestone birthday trip, starting your own business, and more.

Start small, but start now

No matter how much you know about money (or how much you have), you don’t have to wait until some distant later date to feel confident about your finances. And think of it this way: the sooner you take your first steps, the more time you have to work toward your goals.

Building a financial foundation takes practice and consistency, but you won’t be alone! We’re here to guide and cheer you on.

Your financial foundation is only one component of your overall financial wellness. Read about the others in our guide to building a robust practice, and download our free Financial Wellness Check-In Bundle of worksheets.

Disclosures